The opportunity cost of the EU's refusal to allow cultivation of GE varieties of key crops currently ...

... decades the additional carbon emitted due to the EU's opposition to genetic engineering will likely be in the hundreds of millions of tonnes.
https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2021/02/eus-refusal-to-permit-gmo-crops-led-to-millions-of-tonnes-of-additional-co2-scientists-reveal/&ct=ga&cd=CAIyGjg0YzkwMzEwZTQwYzQxNjA6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNF3J0uDG4wCzfqXLOiO8DDoaPC5tA